Решение: Раздел 2.3 Первая помощь. Тема 4. Ожоги

Раздел 2.3 Первая медицинская помощь Тема 4. Ожоги Exercise 1. Прочитайте слова. burn[bə:n]-ожег damage [ˈdæmɪdʒ]-повреждение severity [sɪˈverɪtɪ]- степеньтяжести painful[ˈpeɪnful]-болезненный swell [swel]-припухлый scarring [ˈskɑ:rɪŋ]-рубцевание blister [ˈblɪstə]-пузырь leak[li:k]-протекать wet [wet]-влажный patchy [ˈpætʃɪ]-очаговый char [tʃɑ:]-обугленный waxy [ˈwæksɪ]-восковый despite [dɪsˈpaɪt]-не смотря на prone [prəun]-склонный grafts [ɡrɑ:ft]-пересадка ткани Exercise 2. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст на русский язык. Text 4. Burns A burn is damage to the skin or underlying tissue usually caused by heat, but also by chemicals, electricity, or radiation such as with a sunburn. There are 3 levels of severity: first, second, and third. First Degree Burns A first degree burn damages only the top layer of skin. The skin is red, dry, and painful. The area may swell. Most sunburns are first degree burns. These types of burns heal within 5 or 6 days without permanent scarring. Second Degree Burns A second degree burn damages both layers of skin i.e. the epidermis and the dermis. Heat, very severe sunburn, and some chemicals can cause this type of burn. The skin is red and has blisters that may open and leak clear fluids making the skin appear wet. The burned skin may look patchy and is usually feels painful. This type of burn heals in 3 or 5 weeks with some scarring possible. Third Degree Burns A third degree burn destroys both layers of skin as well as any or all of the underlying structures i.e. nerves, blood vessels, fat, muscles, and bones. Severe heat, fire, and electricity such as lightning can cause this kind of burn. These burns look either charred or waxy white. They are usually painless because the nerve endings in the skin have been destroyed. Despite the lack of pain, these kinds of burns are prone to infection and can be life threatening. Treatment often involves skin grafts. Exercise 3. Переведите на английский язык, пользуясь текстом. Тепло, химические вещества, электричество, радиация, повреждение, солнечный ожог, слой кожи, пузыри, влажный, жидкость, лечение, боль, инфекция, нервные окончания, безболезненный, пересадка ткани. Exercise 4. Заполните пропуски. 1. ……………….. burn damages both layers of skin i.e. the epidermis and the dermis. The skin is red and has blisters that may open and leak clear fluids making the skin appear wet. The burned skin may look patchy and is usually feels painful. 2. ………………. damages only the top layer of skin. The skin is red, dry, and painful. The area may swell. 3. ………………. destroys both layers of skin as well as any or all of the underlying structures i.e. nerves, blood vessels, fat, muscles, and bones. The key-words: First degree burns, second degree burns, third degree burns. Exercise 5. Прочитайте текст выпишите первую помощь при ожогах. First Aid for Burns For first and second degree burns you should cool the area immediately with gently running cold water for about 10-15 minutes or until the burned area has cooled. This will help remove the heat from the tissue so the burning will stop. Do not apply ointments unless told to do so by a physician or pharmacist. And do not break any blisters. Keep the area as clean as possible. For third degree burns do not put anything on the burn. Instead seek professional medical help immediately and treat the person for shock. Third degree burns are life threatening even when only a small body part is effected. For electrical burns, check for an exit wound as well as treating for the entrance wound. For chemical burns, flush the area with lots of water to get it off the person's skin. Never apply ointments, butter, or other home remedies on burns, as this may make the burn worse, keep the heat trapped in, or cause an infection. The first degree burn: 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ The second degree burn: 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ The third degree burn: 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________