Хорошо, давайте заполним таблицу и объясним понятия.
Задание 5. Заполни таблицу. Войны России с Турцией и Ираном в начале XIX века.
| | Война с Турцией (Русско-турецкая война 1806-1812 гг.) | Война с Ираном (Русско-персидская война 1804-1813 гг.) |
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| Причины |
| Война с Турцией (1806-1812 гг.) | 1. Стремление России укрепить свои позиции на Балканах и в Закавказье, поддерживая освободительное движение славянских народов.
2. Нарушение Турцией условий прежних договоров, в частности, закрытие проливов для русских судов и смещение пророссийских господарей Молдавии и Валахии.
3. Подстрекательство Франции к войне России с Турцией, чтобы отвлечь силы России от европейских дел. |
| Война с Ираном (1804-1813 гг.) | 1. Стремление России закрепить свое влияние в Закавказье, присоединив Грузию и другие территории.
2. Претензии Ирана на Грузию и другие закавказские земли, которые Россия считала своими.
3. Поддержка Ирана Великобританией и Францией, которые стремились ослабить позиции России в регионе. |
| Командующие русской армией |
| Война с Турцией (1806-1812 гг.) | М.И. Кутузов, А.А. Прозоровский, Н.М. Каменский, П.И. Багратион. |
| Война с Ираном (1804-1813 гг.) | П.Д. Цицианов, И.В. Гудович, А.П. Тормасов, Н.Ф. Ртищев. |
| Условия заключения мира |
| Война с Турцией (1806-1812 гг.) | **Бухарестский мирный договор (1812 г.)**:
1. К России отошла Бессарабия с крепостями Хотин, Бендеры, Аккерман, Измаил.
2. Граница между Россией и Турцией устанавливалась по реке Прут.
3. Сербии предоставлялась автономия.
4. Россия возвращала Турции Молдавию и Валахию. |
| Война с Ираном (1804-1813 гг.) | **Гюлистанский мирный договор (1813 г.)**:
1. К России отошли Дагестан, Грузия, Имеретия, Гурия, Мегрелия, Абхазия, а также часть Азербайджана (Карабахское, Гянджинское, Шекинское, Ширванское, Дербентское, Кубинское, Бакинское и Талышское ханства).
2. Россия получила исключительное право иметь военный флот на Каспийском море.
3. Иран обязался предоставить русским купцам право свободной торговли. |
Задание 6. Объясни значение понятий.
* **Коалиция** – это временный военно-политический союз нескольких государств, созданный для достижения общих целей, чаще всего для совместного ведения войны против общего противника.
* **Континентальная блокада** – это система экономических и политических мер, введенная Наполеоном Бонапартом в 1806 году, направленная на подрыв экономики Великобритании путем запрета всем зависимым от Франции европейским странам торговать с ней. Целью было ослабить Англию и заставить её пойти на мир с Францией.
* **Битва при Аустерлице** – это одно из крупнейших сражений Наполеоновских войн, произошедшее 2 декабря 1805 года (по новому стилю) у деревни Аустерлиц (ныне Славков-у-Брна, Чехия). В этой битве французская армия под командованием Наполеона I разгромила объединенные войска Третьей антифранцузской коалиции – русской и австрийской армий. Эта битва вошла в историю как "битва трех императоров" (Наполеон I, Александр I и Франц II) и стала одной из самых блестящих побед Наполеона.
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Войны России с Турцией и Ираном в начале XIX века: Заполненная таблица
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В таблице представлены ключевые события и итоги русско-турецкой войны 1806-1812 гг. и русско-персидской войны 1804-1813 гг., демонстрирующие территориальные приобретения России и изменения в геополитической ситуации.