Решение Задания 19: Сопоставление Признаков и Ископаемых Форм Человека

Хорошо, давайте разберем эти задания. Задание 19. Установите соответствие между признаками и ископаемыми формами человека: к каждой позиции, данной в первом столбце, подберите соответствующую позицию из второго столбца. ПРИЗНАКИ: А) Принадлежал к виду Человек прямоходящий Б) Лицевой отдел черепа преобладал над мозговым В) Изготовление каменных сколов и отщепов Г) Использование скребков и наконечников Д) Впервые овладел ритуалом захоронения ИСКОПАЕМЫЕ ФОРМЫ ЧЕЛОВЕКА: 1) Неандерталец 2) Питекантроп Решение: Давайте соотнесем признаки с ископаемыми формами человека: А) Принадлежал к виду Человек прямоходящий – это описание питекантропа (2), который является представителем Homo erectus. Б) Лицевой отдел черепа преобладал над мозговым – это характерно для более примитивных форм, таких как питекантроп (2), у которого был относительно небольшой мозг и массивные челюсти. В) Изготовление каменных сколов и отщепов – это более развитая техника обработки камня, характерная для неандертальцев (1), которые создавали мустьерские орудия. Питекантропы использовали более грубые рубила. Г) Использование скребков и наконечников – это также более развитые орудия, характерные для неандертальцев (1). Д) Впервые овладел ритуалом захоронения – это признак неандертальцев (1), которые хоронили своих умерших. Ответ: А - 2 Б - 2 В - 1 Г - 1 Д - 1 Задание 20. Прочитайте текст. Выберите три предложения, в которых даны описания биологических факторов антропогенеза. Запишите цифры, под которыми они указаны. (1) В результате наследственной изменчивости у предков человека увеличивался объем головного мозга. (2) Миграции предков современного человека приводили к изменениям в генофонде разных популяций людей. (3) Трудовые навыки человека передавал из поколения в поколение. (4) Развитие речи и формирование абстрактного мышления у первобытного человека привели к появлению искусства. (5) На определённом этапе развития предки современного человека перешли к групповым формам охоты. (6) Основные расы человека являются результатом географической изоляции, естественного отбора и дрейфа генов. Решение: Биологические факторы антропогенеза – это факторы, связанные с изменениями в организме человека, его наследственностью, изменчивостью, естественным отбором. 1. В результате наследственной изменчивости у предков человека увеличивался объем головного мозга. – Это описание биологического фактора (наследственная изменчивость и эволюция мозга). 2. Миграции предков современного человека приводили к изменениям в генофонде разных популяций людей. – Это описание биологического фактора (миграции, изменения генофонда, изоляция). 3. Трудовые навыки человека передавал из поколения в поколение. – Это социальный фактор (передача культуры). 4. Развитие речи и формирование абстрактного мышления у первобытного человека привели к появлению искусства. – Это социальные факторы (речь, мышление, культура). 5. На определённом этапе развития предки современного человека перешли к групповым формам охоты. – Это социальный фактор (социальная организация). 6. Основные расы человека являются результатом географической изоляции, естественного отбора и дрейфа генов. – Это описание биологического фактора (изоляция, отбор, дрейф генов). Ответ: 1, 2, 6 Задание 21. Заполните приведенную ниже таблицу, выбрав правильное утверждение для каждого этапа антропогенеза. Для этого отметьте соответствующий этап знаком "Х". Таблица: Утверждение | Дриопитек | Австралопитек | Человек умелый | Неандерталец | Кроманьонец 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