50 Лексических Единиц для Конструкторско-Технологического Обеспечения

Ниже представлена заполненная таблица с 50 лексическими единицами по направлению конструкторско-технологическое обеспечение машиностроительных производств. Данный список составлен с учетом профессиональной терминологии, необходимой будущему специалисту.

№	Слово / Термин	Семантические связи / Дефиниции	Перевод	Контекст
1	Machine tool	A stationary power-driven machine used for shaping or finishing metals or other materials.	Станок	The machine tool is controlled by a computer.
2	Manufacturing	The process of making goods by hand or by machine that upon completion the business sells to a customer.	Производство	Modern manufacturing requires high precision.
3	Lathe	A machine tool that rotates a workpiece about an axis of rotation to perform various operations.	Токарный станок	The operator set up the lathe for cylindrical turning.
4	Milling machine	A machine tool used to machine solid materials by removing material using rotary cutters.	Фрезерный станок	We use a milling machine to create flat surfaces.
5	CNC (Computer Numerical Control)	Automated control of machining tools by means of a computer.	ЧПУ (Числовое программное управление)	CNC machines increase production efficiency.
6	Workpiece	An object being worked on with a tool or machine.	Заготовка / Деталь	Secure the workpiece firmly in the vice.
7	Tolerance	The total amount a specific dimension is permitted to vary.	Допуск	The tolerance for this shaft is \( \pm 0.01 \) mm.
8	Accuracy	The quality or state of being correct or precise.	Точность	High accuracy is vital for aerospace components.
9	Cutter	A tool or device used for cutting something.	Резец / Фреза	The cutter needs to be sharpened regularly.
10	Drilling	A cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a hole of circular cross-section in solid materials.	Сверление	Drilling is the first step in making this hole.
11	Grinding	An abrasive machining process that uses a grinding wheel as the cutting tool.	Шлифование	Grinding provides a very smooth surface finish.
12	Assembly	The process of putting together the parts of a machine or structure.	Сборка	The final assembly takes place in the main hall.
13	Blueprint	A technical drawing or design plan.	Чертеж / План	The engineer studied the blueprint carefully.
14	CAD (Computer-Aided Design)	The use of computers to aid in the creation, modification, or analysis of a design.	САПР (Автоматизированное проектирование)	I designed the gear using CAD software.
15	CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing)	The use of software to control machine tools and related ones in the manufacturing of workpieces.	Автоматизированное производство	CAM systems help to generate toolpaths.
16	Gear	A toothed wheel that works with others to alter the relation between the speed of an engine and the speed of the wheels.	Шестерня / Зубчатое колесо	The gears must be lubricated to reduce friction.
17	Shaft	A long, cylindrical rotating rod for transmitting power.	Вал	The motor turns the main shaft.
18	Bearing	A machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion and reduces friction.	Подшипник	The ball bearing allows smooth rotation.
19	Coolant	A fluid used to remove heat from a machine or process.	Смазочно-охлаждающая жидкость (СОЖ)	Coolant prevents the tool from overheating.
20	Spindle	A rotating axis of the machine, which usually has a shaft at its core.	Шпиндель	The spindle speed is measured in RPM.
21	Fixture	A device used to hold a workpiece in a specific position during machining.	Приспособление	The fixture ensures the part is aligned correctly.
22	Casting	An object made by pouring molten metal or other material into a mold.	Литье / Отливка	The engine block is a large metal casting.
23	Forging	A manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces.	Ковка	Forging improves the strength of the metal.
24	Alloy	A metal made by combining two or more metallic elements.	Сплав	Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.
25	Hardness	The resistance of a material to localized plastic deformation.	Твердость	The hardness of the tool must exceed the workpiece.
26	Roughness	A measure of the finely spaced micro-irregularities on the surface texture.	Шероховатость	Surface roughness affects the wear of parts.
27	Measurement	The action of measuring something.	Измерение	Precise measurement is key to quality control.
28	Caliper	An instrument used to measure the distance between two opposite sides of an object.	Штангенциркуль	Use the caliper to check the diameter.
29	Micrometer	A device used for making precise linear measurements of dimensions.	Микрометр	The micrometer showed a deviation of \( 0.005 \) mm.
30	Automation	The use of largely automatic equipment in a system of manufacturing.	Автоматизация	Automation reduces the need for manual labor.
31	Robot	A machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically.	Робот	The welding robot works faster than a human.
32	Conveyor	A continuous moving band of fabric, rubber, or metal used for transporting objects.	Конвейер	Parts move along the conveyor to the next station.
33	Maintenance	The process of preserving a condition or situation or the state of being preserved.	Техническое обслуживание	Regular maintenance prevents machine breakdown.
34	Reliability	The quality of being trustworthy or of performing consistently well.	Надежность	The reliability of Russian machinery is world-known.
35	Efficiency	The ratio of the useful work performed by a machine to the total energy expended.	Эффективность / КПД	We aim to improve the efficiency of the process.
36	Raw material	The basic material from which a product is made.	Сырье	The warehouse is full of raw materials.
37	Waste	Material which is eliminated or discarded as no longer useful.	Отходы	Lean manufacturing helps to minimize waste.
38	Safety	The condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury.	Техника безопасности	Safety goggles must be worn at all times.
39	Prototype	A first, typical or preliminary model of something.	Прототип / Опытный образец	We are testing the prototype of the new engine.
40	Standardization	The process of making something conform to a standard.	Стандартизация	Standardization simplifies the repair process.
41	Hydraulics	The branch of science and technology concerned with the conveyance of liquids through pipes and channels.	Гидравлика	The press operates using hydraulics.
42	Pneumatics	The branch of engineering that makes use of gas or pressurized air.	Пневматика	Pneumatic tools are light and powerful.
43	Lubrication	The action of applying a substance such as oil or grease to an engine or component so as to minimize friction.	Смазка	Proper lubrication extends the life of the gear.
44	Heat treatment	A group of industrial, thermal and metalworking processes used to alter the physical properties of a material.	Термическая обработка	Heat treatment makes the steel harder.
45	Welding	Joining metal parts by heating the surfaces to the point of melting.	Сварка	Welding is used to join the frame parts.
46	Quality control	A system of maintaining standards in manufactured products by testing a sample of the output.	Контроль качества	Quality control rejected the faulty batch.
47	Optimization	The action of making the best or most effective use of a situation or resource.	Оптимизация	Process optimization leads to lower costs.
48	Technical documentation	Documents that describe the architecture, algorithms, and interfaces of a product.	Техническая документация	Read the technical documentation before starting.
49	Innovation	A new method, idea, product, etc.	Инновация	Russian engineers are famous for their innovation.
50	Technological process	A sequence of operations to transform raw materials into a finished product.	Технологический процесс	The technological process must be strictly followed.